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    INVITED PAPER
  • INVITED PAPER
    A CSI Acquisition Approach for mmWave Massive MIMO
    Shanzhi Chen, Qiubin Gao, Runhua Chen, Hui Li, Shaohui Sun, Zhengxuan Liu
    2019, 16(9): 1-17.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is considered as a key technology for 4G and 5G wireless communication systems to improve spectrum efficiency by supporting large number of concurrent users. In addition, for the target frequency band of 5G system, mmWave band, massive MIMO is pivotal in compensating the high pathloss. In this paper, we investigate the channel state information (CSI) acquisition problem for mmWave massive MIMO. With hybrid analog-digital antenna architecture, how to derive the analog beamforming and digital beamforming is studied. An iterative analog beam acquisition approach is proposed to save system overhead and reduce beam searching complexity. Regarding the digital beamforming, a grouping based codebook is proposed to facilitate CSI feedback. The codebook is then extended to incorporate also analog beam acquisition. Furthermore, channel reciprocity is exploited to save CSI reporting overhead and a two-stage approach is proposed to fully utilize the channel reciprocity at both mobile station and base station side and accelerate the CSI acquisition procedure.
    • SELECTED PAPERS FROM IEEE/CIC ICCC 2018
  • SELECTED PAPERS FROM IEEE/CIC ICCC 2018
    Angle-Based Beamforming in mmWave Massive MIMO Systems with Low Feedback Overhead Using Multi-Pattern Codebooks
    Yuyan Zhao, Yanan Liu, Gary Boudreau, Akram Bin Sediq, Xianbin Wang
    2019, 16(9): 18-30.
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    The integration of millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications and massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques is a promising solution to dramatically increase the 5G network throughput. By using large antenna arrays, beamforming can be adopted to improve the 5G capacity by employing spatial domain resources. In a frequency division duplexing (FDD) based 5G mmWave MIMO system, beamforming operation requires timely downlink channel state information (CSI) feedback. However, the rapid channel variations caused by short wavelength of mmWave band, and the high-level feedback information required due to the large number of antennas in massive MIMO system lead to the significantly increased beamforming overhead. In this paper, by exploiting the higher angular stability of such channels, we propose an angle-based beamforming scheme to reduce the feedback frequency and the number of feedback bits. To facilitate this approach users are initially selected to reduce the intra-zone interference before beamforming. Besides, location related feedback, which is not affected by the number of antennas, is adopted to reduce overhead. The simulation results show that two proposed user selection algorithms can adapt to scenarios with diverse requirements, while the feedback overhead of proposed angle-based beamforming algorithm is sharply reduce compared with that of CSI-based beamforming algorithm.
  • SELECTED PAPERS FROM IEEE/CIC ICCC 2018
    An Adaptive Grouping Scheme in Ultra-Dense IEEE 802.11ax Network Using Buffer State Report Based Two-Stage Mechanism
    Jiyang Bai, He Fang, Junghoon Suh, Osama Aboul-Magd, Edward Au, Xianbin Wang
    2019, 16(9): 31-44.
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    IEEE 802.11ax, which is an emerging WLAN standard, aims at providing highly efficient communication in ultra-dense wireless networks. However, due to a large number of stations (STAs) in the ultra-dense device deployment scenarios, the potentially high packet collision rate significantly decreases the communication efficiency of WLAN. In this paper, we propose an adaptive STA grouping scheme to overcome this dense network challenge in IEEE 802.11ax by using Buffer State Report (BSR) based Two-stage Mechanism (BTM). In order to achieve the optimal efficiency of BSR delivery, we analyze the functional relationship between STA number in group and Resource Unit (RU) efficiency. Based on this analysis results, an adaptive STA grouping algorithm with variable group size is proposed to achieve efficient grouping in BTM. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive BTM grouping algorithm significantly improves the BSR delivery efficiency and the throughput of overall system and each STA in the ultra-dense wireless network.
  • SELECTED PAPERS FROM IEEE/CIC ICCC 2018
    Modeling and Parameter Optimization of Statistical Priority-Based Multiple Access Protocol
    Siying Gao, Ming Yang, Hui Yu
    2019, 16(9): 45-61.
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    The Statistical Priority-based Multiple Access Protocol (SPMA) is the de facto standard for Tactical Target Network Technology (TTNT) and has also been implemented in ad hoc networks. In this paper, we present a non-preemptive M/M/1/K queuing model to analyze the performance of different priorities in SPMA in terms of average packet loss rate and delay. And based on this queuing model, we designed a percentile scoring system combined with Q-learning algorithm to optimize the protocol parameters. The simulation results show that our theoretical model is closely matched with the reality, and the proposed algorithm improves the efficiency and accuracy in finding the optimal parameter set of SPMA protocol.
  • SELECTED PAPERS FROM IEEE/CIC ICCC 2018
    Propagation Characteristics of Elevation Angles and Three Dimensional Fading Channel Model with Angle Offset
    Lei Tian, Jianhua Zhang, Haifeng Tan, Pan Tang, Guangyi Liu
    2019, 16(9): 62-78.
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    Three dimensional (3D) Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) is one of the most promising techniques for the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication system. To support its research, the property of elevation angle in 3D channel model should be accurately modeled. Conventionally, 3D channel is modeled with an assumption that the mean elevation angle of multipaths is coincided with the line-of-sight (LOS) direction. In order to investigate its authenticity and give the reliable 3D channel model, extensive 3D multiple antenna field channel measurements with 100 MHz bandwidth are conducted in three typical scenarios, including outdoor to indoor(O2I), urban microcell (UMi) and urban macrocell (UMa). The statistical characteristics and parameters are extracted and analyzed based on the measurement data. It is found that the assumption holds in the LOS condition. However, for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition, a difference exists between the mean elevation angle and the direction connecting transmitter and receiver, which is defined as the elevation angle offset. Then, the eigenvalue distribution and capacity are compared between the reconstructed 3D channels with and without elevation angle offset. Results show that the performance of 3D channel with angle offset fits the measurement data better whereas that without angle offset is underestimated.
  • SELECTED PAPERS FROM IEEE/CIC ICCC 2018
    Multi-Frequency Channel Characterization for Massive MIMO Communications in Lobby Environment
    Jianzhi Li, Bo Ai, Ruisi He, Mi Yang, Zhangdui Zhong
    2019, 16(9): 79-92.
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    In this paper, a massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel measurement campaign with two setups is conducted in an indoor lobby environment. In the first setup, two types of 256-element virtual uniform rectangular arrays (URAs), i.e., the 4×64 virtual URA and the 64×4 virtual URA are used. The carrier frequency is 11 GHz; in the second setup, measurements are performed at 4, 6, 11, 13, 15, 18 GHz at two different user locations. The channel characterization is presented by investigating the typical channel parameters, including average power delay profile (APDP), K factor, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and coherence bandwidth. Moreover, the channel characteristics in angular domain are investigated by applying the space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm. The extracted multipath components (MPCs) are preliminarily clustered by visual inspection, and related to the interacting objects (IOs) in physical environment. Multipath structures at multiple frequency bands are examined. Direction spread of departure is estimated to evaluate the directional dispersion at the base station (BS) side. The results in this paper can help to reveal the propagation mechanisms in massive MIMO channels, and provide a foundation for the design and application of the practical massive MIMO system.
  • SELECTED PAPERS FROM IEEE/CIC ICCC 2018
    V2V Channel Characterization and Modeling for Underground Parking Garages
    Mi Yang, Bo Ai, Ruisi He, Liang Chen, Xue Li, Jianzhi Li, Zhangdui Zhong
    2019, 16(9): 93-105.
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    As an important part of the intelligent transportation system (ITS), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication will improve the safety and efficiency of the transportation system by realizing the information transmission between vehicles. The underground parking garage is a typical scenario in V2V communication, but as an indoor environment, it is different from the conventional outdoor road scenarios significantly. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and model the V2V channel characteristics of an underground garage. In this paper, a novel channel measurement carried out in the underground garage is first introduced. Considering that there are a lot of obstacles in an underground garage, the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) condition is taken into account during the measurement. Then, channel characteristic parameters, including large-scale fading, delay spread, and K-factor, are analyzed based on the measured data. In addition, we also carry out channel angle of arrival analysis, show the distribution of azimuth of arrival (AOA) and elevation of arrival (EOA) of multipath components (MPC), and conduct a statistical analysis of the angular spread. In the process of analysis and modeling, we focus on the differences between line-of-sight (LoS) and NLoS conditions. The analysis and conclusions presented in this paper will enrich the understanding of V2V channel and benefit the design of V2V communications.
  • SELECTED PAPERS FROM IEEE/CIC ICCC 2018
    Cross-Layer Framework for Capacity Analysis in Multiuser Ultra-Dense Networks with Cell DTx
    Qing Li, Yu Chen, Qimei Cui, Yu Gu, Guoqiang Mao
    2019, 16(9): 106-121.
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    Cell discontinuous transmission (Cell DTx) is a key technology to mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) in ultra-dense networks (UDNs). The aim of this work is to understand the impact of Cell DTx on physical-layer sum rates of SBSs and link-layer quality-of-service (QoS) performance in multiuser UDNs. In this work, we develop a cross-layer framework for capacity analysis in multiuser UDNs with Cell DTx. In particular, we first extend the traditional one-dimensional effective capacity model to a new multidimensional effective capacity model to derive the sum rate and the effective capacity. Moreover, we propose a new iterative bisection search algorithm that is capable of approximating QoS performance. The convergence of this new algorithm to a unique QoS exponent vector is later proved. Finally, we apply this framework to the round-robin and the max-C/I scheduling policies. Simulation results show that our framework is accurate in approximating 1) queue length distribution, 2) delay distribution and 3) sum rates under the above two scheduling policies, and further show that with the Cell DTx, systems have approximately 30% higher sum rate and 35% smaller average delay than those in full-buffer scenarios.
    • REVIEW PAPER
  • REVIEW PAPER
    A Survey of Applications Research on Content-Centric Networking
    Xiuquan Qiao, Hongyi Wang, Wei Tan, Athanasios V. Vasilakos, Junliang Chen, M. Brian Blake
    2019, 16(9): 122-140.
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    As a named data-based clean-slate future Internet architecture, Content-Centric Networking (CCN) uses entirely different protocols and communication patterns from the host-to-host IP network. In CCN, communication is wholly driven by the data consumer. Consumers must send Interest packets with the content name and not by the host’s network address. Its nature of in-network caching, Interest packets aggregation and hop-by-hop communication poses unique challenges to provision of Internet applications, where traditional IP network no long works well. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art application research activities related to CCN architecture. Our main aims in this survey are (a) to identify the advantages and drawbacks of CCN architectures for application provisioning; (b) to discuss the challenges and opportunities regarding service provisioning in CCN architectures; and (c) to further encourage deeper thinking about design principles for future Internet architectures from the perspective of upper-layer applications.
    • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Mobile Web Augmented Reality in 5G and Beyond: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions
    Xiuquan Qiao, Pei Ren, Guoshun Nan, Ling Liu, Schahram Dustdar, Junliang Chen
    2019, 16(9): 141-154.
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    The popularity of wearable devices and smartphones has fueled the development of Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR), which provides immersive experiences over the real world using techniques, such as computer vision and deep learning. However, the hardware-specific MAR is costly and heavy, and the App-based MAR requires an additional download and installation and it also lacks cross-platform ability. These limitations hamper the pervasive promotion of MAR. This paper argues that mobile Web AR (MWAR) holds the potential to become a practical and pervasive solution that can effectively scale to millions of end-users because MWAR can be developed as a lightweight, cross-platform, and low-cost solution for end-to-end delivery of MAR. The main challenges for making MWAR a reality lie in the low efficiency for dense computing in Web browsers, a large delay for real-time interactions over mobile networks, and the lack of standardization. The good news is that the newly emerging 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) cellular networks can mitigate these issues to some extent via techniques such as network slicing, device-to-device communication, and mobile edge computing. In this paper, we first give an overview of the challenges and opportunities of MWAR in the 5G era. Then we describe our design and development of a generic service-oriented framework (called MWAR5) to provide a scalable, flexible, and easy to deploy MWAR solution. We evaluate the performance of our MWAR5 system in an actually deployed 5G trial network under the collaborative configurations, which shows encouraging results. Moreover, we also share the experiences and insights from our development and deployment, including some exciting future directions of MWAR over 5G and B5G networks.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Time Domain Synchronous OFDM System for Optical Fiber Communications
    Chenxin Jing, Xianfeng Tang, Xiaoguang Zhang, Lixia Xi, Wenbo Zhang
    2019, 16(9): 155-164.
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    A spectrum efficient OFDM scheme named Time Domain Synchronous-OFDM (TDS-OFDM) is introduced into coherent optical transmission system, in which the pseudo noise (PN) sequence is exploited as guard interval to realize frame synchronization, compensate the carrier frequency offset (CFO), and estimate and equalize channel simultaneously. Since there is no pilot signals or training symbols in TDS-OFDM, the proposed scheme can achieve higher spectral efficiency (SE) above 10% improvement comparing with CP-OFDM. The proposed method is implemented and verified in a 28GBaud QPSK OFDM system and a 28GBaud 16QAM OFDM system. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme shows high CFO estimation accuracy and synchronous accuracy. Under CFO and linewidth of laser source set as 100MHz and 100kHz respectively, BER of QPSK OFDM system is below 3.8e-3 at the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of 13dB, and BER of 16QAM OFDM system is below 3.8e-3 at the OSNR of 20dB.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Digital Cancellation Scheme and Hardware Implementation for High-Order Passive Intermodulation Interference Based on Hammerstein Model
    Xiaqing Miao, Lu Tian
    2019, 16(9): 165-176.
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    Passive intermodulation (PIM) interference urgently needs to be solved in the satellite communication system, owing to degrading the whole performance. Mainstream research contributions to the cancellation method for PIM were focused on the analog domain, however, the PIM distortion cannot be eliminated completely with the approaches. Meanwhile, some researchers attempt to tackle the problem through digital signal processing, nevertheless, the proposed methods were not suitable for the practical satellite communication scenario. In this paper, we present a general scheme for the adaptive feedforward PIM cancellation. High-order PIM signals at baseband are estimated by modeling the PIM distortion with Hammerstein model in the digital domain. Based on the reconstructed PIM signal, we adopt the least mean square algorithm to adaptively mitigate the PIM interference for tracking the variation of PIM. The time and frequency synchronization of PIM are based on the correlation of the peak of received signals with the corresponding reconstructed PIM signal. Practical experimental results show that the scheme can effectively cancel the PIM interference, and achieve an interference suppression gain more than 20dB.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Initialization for NMF-Based Audio Source Separation Using Priors on Encoding Vectors
    Jaeuk Byun, Jong Won Shin
    2019, 16(9): 177-186.
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    Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has shown good performances on blind audio source separation (BASS). While the NMF analysis is a non-convex optimization problem when both the basis and encoding matrices need to be estimated simultaneously, the source separation step of the NMF-based BASS with a fixed basis matrix has been considered convex. However, because the basis matrix for the BASS is typically constructed by concatenating the basis matrices trained with individual source signals, the subspace spanned by the basis vectors for one source may overlap with that for other sources. In this paper, we have shown that the resulting encoding vector is not unique when the subspaces spanned by basis vectors for the sources overlap, which implies that the initialization of the encoding vector in the source separation stage is not trivial. Furthermore, we propose a novel method to initialize the encoding vector for the separation step based on the prior model of the encoding vector. Experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed the uniform random initialization by 1.09 and 2.21dB in the source-to-distortion ratio, and 0.20 and 0.23 in PESQ scores for supervised and semi-supervised cases, respectively.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Cooperative Relay Based on Exploiting Hybrid ARQ
    Mingxuan Li, Jie Lin, Liang Zhong, Mengting Wang, Wei Lv
    2019, 16(9): 187-200.
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    In order to compensate the primary performance degradation, which is caused by the co-existing secondary communications or the heavy fading of primary link, a cooperative relay scheme is proposed in cognitive radio systems by taking advantage of the opportunities that are arisen by the primary ARQ (Automatic Repeat-reQuest) retransmission. With the help of this scheme, nontrivial relay assistances for the primary retransmission are achieved without initialization phase. The cooperation among secondary users provides additional spatial diversity to facilitate the primary transmission. This can be accomplished with an oblivious primary system and without assuming any non-causal information about the primary data. The scheme are further extended to the scenarios where multiple cognitive pairs exist. Performance analyses of the schemes are devised and the effectiveness is verified via simulations.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    LLR Processing of Polar Codes in Concatenation Systems
    Ya Meng, Yi Fang, Chuan Zhang, Liping Li
    2019, 16(9): 201-208.
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    This paper studies the decoding performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in a serial concatenation system with polar codes employing the successive cancellation (SC) decoding. It is known that the absolute incorrect log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values from the SC decoding can be very large. This phenomenon dramatically deteriorates the error correcting performance of the outer LDPC codes. In this paper, the LLR values of polar codes are regulated by a log processing before being sent to the LDPC decoder. Simulation results show that the log processing is an efficient approach with a low optimization complexity compared with the existing procedures to improve the performance of the serial concatenation systems.
    • NETWORKS & SECURITY
  • NETWORKS & SECURITY
    Towards the Design of Ethics Aware Systems for the Internet of Things
    Sahil Sholla, Roohie Naaz Mir, Mohammad Ahsan Chishti
    2019, 16(9): 209-221.
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    The Internet of Things promises to offer numerous societal benefits by providing a spectrum of user applications. However, ethical ramifications of adopting such pervasive technology on a society-wide scale have not been adequately considered. Smart things endowed with artificial intelligence may carry out decisions that entail ethical consequences. It is assumed that the functioning of a smart device does not involve any ethical responsibility vis-a-vis its application context. Such a perspective may precipitate situations that endanger essential human values or cause physical or emotional harm. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the design of ethics within intelligent systems to safeguard human interests. In order to address these concerns, we propose a novel method based on Boolean algebra that enables a machine to exhibit varying ethical behaviour by employing the concept of ethics categories and ethics modes. Such enhancement of smart things offers a way to design ethically compliant smart devices and paves way for human friendly technology ecosystems.
  • NETWORKS & SECURITY
    Research on Multicloud Access Control Policy Integration Framework
    Peng Zhao, Lifa Wu, Zheng Hong, He Sun
    2019, 16(9): 222-234.
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    ： Multicloud access control is important for resource sharing and security interoperability across different clouds, and heterogeneity of access control policy is an important challenge for cloud mashups. XACML is widely used in distributed environment as a declaratively fine-grained, attribute-based access control policy language, but the policy integration of XACML lacks formal description and theory foundation. Multicloud Access Control Policy Integration Framework (MACPIF) is proposed in the paper, which consists of Attribute-based Policy Evaluation Model (ABPEM), Four-value Logic with Completeness (FLC) and Four-value Logic based Policy Integration Operators (FLPIOs). ABPEM evaluates access control policy and extends XACML decision to four-value. According to policy decision set and policy integration characteristics, we construct FLC and define FLPIOs including Intersection, Union, Difference, Implication and Equivalence. We prove that MACPIF can achieve policy monotonicity, functional completeness, canonical suitability and canonical completeness. Analysis results show that this framework can meet the requirements of policy integration in Multicloud.
    • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES & APPLICATIONS
  • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES & APPLICATIONS
    A Study on Service-Oriented Smart Medical Systems Combined with Key Algorithms in the IoT Environment
    Shan Lu, Anzhi Wang, Shenqi Jing, Tao Shan, Xin Zhang, Yongan Guo, Yun Liu
    2019, 16(9): 235-249.
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    A smart medical service system architecture is proposed in this paper to increase medical resource utilization and improve the efficiency of the medical diagnosis process for complex business scenarios in the Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) environment. The resource representation model theory, multi-terminal aggregation algorithm, and the resource discovery algorithm based on latent factor model are also studied. A smart medical service system within the IoT environment is then developed, based on the open source project. Experimental results using real-world datasets illustrate that the proposed smart medical service system architecture can promote the intelligent and efficient management of medical resources to an extent, and assists in the develop towards digitization, intelligence, and precision in the field of medicine.
  • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES & APPLICATIONS
    Convolutional Neural Networks Based Indoor Wi-Fi Localization with a Novel Kind of CSI Images
    Haihan Li, Xiangsheng Zeng, Yunzhou Li, Shidong Zhou, Jing Wang
    2019, 16(9): 250-260.
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    Indoor Wi-Fi localization of mobile devices plays a more and more important role along with the rapid growth of location-based services and Wi-Fi mobile devices. In this paper, a new method of constructing the channel state information (CSI) image is proposed to improve the localization accuracy. Compared with previous methods of constructing the CSI image, the new kind of CSI image proposed is able to contain more channel information such as the angle of arrival (AoA), the time of arrival (TOA) and the amplitude. We construct three gray images by using phase differences of different antennas and amplitudes of different subcarriers of one antenna, and then merge them to form one RGB image. The localization method has off-line stage and on-line stage. In the off-line stage, the composed three-channel RGB images at training locations are used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) which has been proved to be efficient in image recognition. In the on-line stage, images at test locations are fed to the well-trained CNN model and the localization result is the weighted mean value with highest output values. The performance of the proposed method is verified with extensive experiments in the representative indoor environment.