China Communications

Archive

  • Select all
    |
    COVER PAPERS
  • COVER PAPERS
    Radio Propagation and Wireless Coverage of LSAA-Based 5G Millimeter-Wave Mobile Communication Systems
    Haiming Wang, Peize Zhang, Jing Li, Xiaohu You
    2019, 16(5): 1-18.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications will be used in fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems, but they experience severe path loss and have high sensitivity to physical objects, leading to smaller cell radii and complicated network architectures. A coverage extension scheme using large-scale antenna arrays (LSAAs) has been suggested and theoretically proven to be cost-efficient in combination with ultradense small cell networks. To analyze and optimize the LSAA-based network deployments, a comprehensive survey of recent advances in statistical mmWave channel modeling is first presented in terms of channel parameter estimation, large-scale path loss models, and small-scale cluster models. Next, the measurement and modeling results at two 5G candidate mmWave bands (e.g., 28 GHz and 39 GHz) are reviewed and compared in several outdoor scenarios of interest, where the propagation characteristics make crucial contributions to wireless network designs. Finally, the coverage behaviors of systems employing a large number of antenna arrays are discussed, as well as some implications on future mmWave cellular network designs.
  • COVER PAPERS
    5G Flexible Optical Transport Networks with Large-Capacity, Low-Latency and High-Efficiency
    Yuefeng Ji*, Jiawei Zhang, Yuming Xiao, Zhen Liu
    2019, 16(5): 19-32.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The fifth generation (5G) of mobile communications are facing big challenges, due to the proliferation of diversified terminals and unprecedented services such as internet of things (IoT), high-definition videos, virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR). To accommodate massive connections and astonish mobile traffic, an efficient 5G transport network is required. Optical transport network has been demonstrated to play an important role for carrying 5G radio signals. This paper focuses on the future challenges, recent studies and potential solutions for the 5G flexible optical transport networks with the performances on large-capacity, low-latency and high-efficiency. In addition, we discuss the technology development trends of the 5G transport networks in terms of the optical device, optical transport system, optical switching, and optical networking. Finally, we conclude the paper with the improvement of network intelligence enabled by these technologies to deterministic content delivery over 5G optical transport networks.
    • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Joint Resource Allocation and Admission Control Mechanism in Software Defined Mobile Networks
    Geng Chen, Yueyue Zhang, Yunchi Shi, Qingtian Zeng
    2019, 16(5): 33-45.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper presented a joint resource allocation (RA) and admission control (AC) mechanism in software defined mobile networks (SDMNs). In this mechanism, the joint RA and AC problem can be formulated as an optimization problem with the aim of maximizing the number of admitted users while simultaneously minimizing the number of allocated channels. Since the primal problem is modeled to be a mixed integer nonlinear problem (MINLP), we attain the suboptimal solutions to the primal MINLP by convex relaxation. Additionally, with the global information collected by the SDMNs controller, a centralized joint RA and AC (CJRA) algorithm is proposed by the Lagrange dual decomposition technique to obtain the global optimum. Meanwhile, we propose an OpenFlow rules placement strategy to realize CJRA in an efficient way. Moreover, a distributed algorithm is also developed to find the local optimum, showing a performance benchmark for the centralized one. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed centralized algorithm admits more users compared with the distributed.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Wireless Communications with Programmable Metasurface: Transceiver Design and Experimental Results
    Wankai Tang, Xiang Li, Jun Yan Dai, Shi Jin, Yong Zeng, Qiang Cheng, Tie Jun Cui
    2019, 16(5): 46-61.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Metasurfaces have drawn significant attentions due to their superior capability in tailoring electromagnetic waves with a wide frequency range, from microwave to visible light. Recently, programmable metasurfaces have demonstrated the ability of manipulating the amplitude or phase of electromagnetic waves in a programmable manner in real time, which renders them especially appealing in the applications of wireless communications. In this paper, we present the fundamental principle of applying programmable metasurface as transmitter for wireless communications. Then, we establish a prototype system of metasurface-based transmitter to conduct several experiments and measurements over the air, which practically demonstrate the feasibility of using programmable metasurfaces in future communication systems. By exploiting the dynamically controllable property of programmable metasurface, the design, implementation and experimental evaluation of the proposed metasurface-based wireless communication system are presented with the prototype, which realizes single carrier quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) transmission over the air. In the developed prototype, the phase of the reflected electromagnetic wave of programmable metasurface is directly manipulated in real time according to the baseband control signal, which achieves 2.048 Mbps data transfer rate with video streaming transmission over the air. In addition, experimental result is provided to compare the performance of the proposed metasurface-based architecture against the conventional one. With the slight increase of the transmit power by 5 dB, the same bit error rate (BER) performance can be achieved as the conventional system in the absence of channel coding. Such a result is encouraging considering that the metasurface-based system has the advantages of low hardware cost and simple structure, thus leading to a promising new architecture for wireless communications.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Infrared Indoor Wireless MIMO Communication System Using 1.2GHz OOK Modulation
    Hao Du, Guoning Xu
    2019, 16(5): 62-69.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems using serial infrared (SIR), return to zero-inverted (RZI) and on off keying (OOK) modulation were studied. Also, by analyzing experimental results, curve fitting models were established. Three infrared MIMO systems with 2X2, 2X4 and 4X4 MIMO channels using RZI and OOK modulation were designed and tested. Based on the experimental results, evaluations between BER, distance and displacement were discussed.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Eliminating Explicit Contention from Channel Access in Distributed Wireless Networks
    Aijing Li, Chao Dong, Fan Wu, Shaojie Tang, Guihai Chen, Qihui Wu
    2019, 16(5): 70-82.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Emerging techniques such as Wi-Fi direct makes the objective of always-on be true. People can easily chat and share files with nearby friends even without AP (Access Point) or cellular coverage. In this paper, we focus on the channel efficiency issue of AP-free Wi-Fi networks, which can be easily constructed in the subway, in a high-speed railway, or when camping in the wild. Today IEEE 802.11 DCF is the most commonly used MAC protocol for Wi-Fi networks, however, due to the control messages and backoff time, channel efficiency in high data rate networks can be extremely low. To solve this, we propose CD-MAC, which allows control messages to be transmitted with data packets concurrently, and thus eliminates the overheads of backoff and explicit contention. To maintain the reception reliability, we redesign the control messages and use signal detection in PHY instead of bits decoding to detect them. In MAC layer, CD-MAC is built upon our Correlation Detection based PHY. We have implemented and evaluated CD-MAC using USRP N210. Evaluation results show that CD-MAC can achieve over 95.5% channel efficiency and provide throughput gains of up to 80%, 60%, and 29.1% compared with DCF, 802.11ec, and back2F, respectively.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Adaptive Resources Allocation Algorithm Based on Modified PSO for Cognitive Radio System
    Yi Yang, Qinyu Zhang, Ye Wang, Takahiro Emoto, Masatake Akutagawa, Shinsuke Konaka
    2019, 16(5): 83-92.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Radio spectrum has become a rare resource due to the rapid development of wireless communication technique. Cognitive radio is one of important techniques to deal with this radio spectrum problem. But the resource allocation in cognitive radio also has its own issues, such as the flexibility of the allocation algorithm, the performance of resource allocation, and so on. In order to increase the flexibility of the allocation algorithm for cognitive radio, more and more researches are focusing on the evolutionary algorithms, such as genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO). Evolutionary algorithm can greatly improve the flexibility of the allocation algorithm for cognitive radio system in different communication scenarios, but the performances are relatively lower than the original mathematical methods. So in this paper, we proposed an adaptive resource allocation algorithm based on modified PSO for cognitive radio system to solve these problems. Modified particle swarm optimization (Modified PSO) has both genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO)’s updating processes which makes this modified PSO overcame PSO’s own disadvantages and keep advantages. Simulation results showed our proposed algorithm has enough flexibility to meet cognitive radio systems’ requirements, and also has a better performance than original PSO.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Improved Performance for a Heterogeneous Satellite-Cooperative Network with Best Relay Node Selection
    Pedram hajipour, Ali Shahzadi, Saeed Ghazi-Maghrebi
    2019, 16(5): 93-105.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Nowadays, hybrid satellite-terrestrial cooperative network has emerged as a key technology to provide a great variety of communication services. The deployment of this network will improve coverage and capacity in remote areas. Despite the benefits of this network, by increasing the number of users, communication efficiency based on interference management is a major challenge in satellite-based system. Also, the direct links between satellite system and the terrestrial equipment do not always have desirable channel condition. In order to avoid serious throughput degradation, choosing a cooperative relay node is very important. In this paper, Stackelberg game is exploited for interference management that is raised by satellites in down link over terrestrial equipment. Then, for interference management between ground station and relay node with other mobile users, CVX is used to allocate optimum power. Also, the best relay node in this structure is selected based on the harmonic mean function. Thus, the performance of the heterogeneous satellite-cooperative network is investigated based on three benchmarks, namely, successful transmission, energy consumption and outage probability. Finally, the simulation results showed the effect of proposed system model on the performance of next generation satellite networks.
  • COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES & SYSTEMS
    Design of Irregular QC-LDPC Code Based Multi-Level Coded Modulation Scheme for High Speed Optical Communication Systems
    Liqian Wang, Dongdong Wang, Yongjing Ni, Xue Chen, Midou Cui, Fu Yang
    2019, 16(5): 106-120.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this paper, we focus on the design of irregular QC-LDPC code based multi-level coded modulation (MLCM) scheme by jointly optimizing the component code rate and the degree distribution of the irregular QC-LDPC component code. Firstly, the sub-channel capacities of MLCM systems is analyzed and discussed, based on which the optimal component code rate can be obtained. Secondly, an extrinsic information transfer chart based two-stage searching algorithm is proposed to find the good irregular QC-LDPC code ensembles with optimal component code rates for their corresponding sub-channels. Finally, by constructing the irregular QC-LDPC component codes from the designed ensembles with the aim of possibly enlarging the girth and reducing the number of the shortest cycles, the designed irregular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems can achieve 0.4dB and 1.2dB net coding gain, respectively, compared with the recently proposed regular QC-LDPC code based 16QAM and 64QAM MLCM systems.
    • NETWORKS & SECURITY
  • NETWORKS & SECURITY
    A Fast Multi-Pattern Matching Algorithm for Mining Big Network Data
    Jun Liu, Guangkuo Bian, Chao Qin, Wenhui Lin
    2019, 16(5): 121-136.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The rapid development of mobile network brings opportunities for researchers to analyze user behaviors based on large-scale network traffic data. It is important for Internet Service Providers (ISP) to optimize resource allocation and provide customized services to users. The first step of analyzing user behaviors is to extract information of user actions from HTTP traffic data by multi-pattern URL matching. However, the efficiency is a huge problem when performing this work on massive network traffic data. To solve this problem, we propose a novel and accurate algorithm named Multi-Pattern Parallel Matching (MPPM) that takes advantage of HashMap in data searching for extracting user behaviors from big network data more effectively. Extensive experiments based on real-world traffic data prove the ability of MPPM algorithm to deal with massive HTTP traffic with better performance on accuracy, concurrency and efficiency. We expect the proposed algorithm and it parallelized implementation would be a solid base to build a high-performance analysis engine of user behavior based on massive HTTP traffic data processing.
  • NETWORKS & SECURITY
    HASN: A Hierarchical Attack Surface Network for System Security Analysis
    Kangyu Huang, Lin Yang, Renfang Fu, Shengli Zhou, Zheng Hong
    2019, 16(5): 137-157.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Attack surfaces, as one of the security models, can help people to analyse the security of systems in cyberspace, such as risk assessment by utilizing various security metrics or providing a cost-effective network hardening solution. Numerous attack surface models have been proposed in the past decade, but they are not appropriate for describing complex systems with heterogeneous components. To address this limitation, we propose to use a two-layer Hierarchical Attack Surface Network (HASN) that models the data interactions and resource distribution of the system in a component-oriented view. First, we formally define the HASN by extending the entry point and exit point framework. Second, in order to assess data input risk and output risk on the HASN, we propose two behaviour models and two simulation-based risk metrics. Last, we conduct experiments for three network systems. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach is applicable and effective.
  • NETWORKS & SECURITY
    Research on Data Privacy Protection Algorithm with Homomorphism Mechanism Based on Redundant Slice Technology in Wireless Sensor Networks
    Peng Li, Chao Xu, He Xu, Lu Dong, Ruchuan Wang
    2019, 16(5): 158-170.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Wireless transmission method in wireless sensor networks has put forward higher requirements for private protection technology. According to the packet loss problem of private protection algorithm based on slice technology, this paper proposes the data private protection algorithm with redundancy mechanism, which ensures privacy by privacy homomorphism mechanism and guarantees redundancy by carrying hidden data. Moreover, it selects the routing tree generated by CTP (Collection Tree Protocol) as routing path for data transmission. By dividing at the source node, it adds the hidden information and also the privacy homomorphism. At the same time, the information feedback tree is established between the destination node and the source node. In addition, the destination node immediately sends the packet loss information and the encryption key via the information feedback tree to the source node. As a result, it improves the reliability and privacy of data transmission and ensures the data redundancy.
    • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES & APPLICATIONS
  • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES & APPLICATIONS
    Indoor Positioning Using Public FM and DTMB Signals Based on Compressive Sensing
    Menghuan Yang, Hong Wu, Zhiyang Liu, Shuxue Ding, Hongzhao Peng
    2019, 16(5): 171-180.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Location-Based Services have become an indispensable part of our daily life, the sparsity of location finding makes it possible to estimate specific position by Compressive Sensing (CS). Using public Frequency Modulation (FM) broadcasting and Digital Television Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB) signals, this paper presents an indoor positioning scheme, which is consisted of an offline stage and an online stage. In the offline stage, the Received Signal Strength (RSS) at the Reference Points (RPs) is measured, including the average and variance of public FM broadcasting and DTMB signals. In the online stage, the K-Weighted Nearest Neighbor algorithm is used to fulfill coarse positioning, which is able to narrow the selection scope of locations and choose partial RPs for accurate positioning. Then, the accurate positioning is implemented through CS. Experiment shows that the average positioning error of the proposed scheme is 1.63m. What’s more, a CS-based method has been proposed in this paper to reduce the labor cost when collecting data. Experiment shows the average positioning error is 2.04m, with the advantage of a 34% labor cost reduction. Experiment results indicate that the proposed system is a practical indoor positioning scheme.
  • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES & APPLICATIONS
    Thulium-Doped Fiber Amplifier for Blue Light Signal Amplification
    Muhammad Hanif Ahmed Khan Khushik, Chun Jiang*
    2019, 16(5): 181-188.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Fluoride-based thulium-doped visible light fiber amplifier (TmVLFA), which can be used to amplify the blue light signal for a visible light communication (VLC) system, is theoretically demonstrated for the first time according to the best of our knowledge. The transition rate equations and power propagation equations are solved to predict the dependence of the gain and noise figure on fiber parameters. The numerical results show that with the pump wavelength 1150nm and pump power 800mW, 2.75m long thulium-doped fiber can amplify blue light (480nm) signal up to 33.3dB, and the noise figure is in the range from 3.0 to 3.5 dB. The model and numerical results encourage the use of fiber amplifier in VLC system for blue light amplification to extend the range of VLC.
  • EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES & APPLICATIONS
    On the Judgement of Full-Period Sequences and a Novel Congruential Map with Double Modulus on Z(pn)
    Yongkui Li, Jingbo Hu, Yiyang Yu
    2019, 16(5): 189-195.
    Abstract ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    This paper studies the judgement problem of full-period maps on Z(pn) and proposes a novel congruential map with double modulus on Z(pn). The full-period properties of the sequences generated by the novel map are studied completely. We prove some theorems including full-period judgement theorem on Z(pn) and validate them by some numerical experiments. In the experiments, full-period sequences are generated by a full-period map on Z(pn). By the binarization, full-period sequences are transformed into binary sequences. Then, we test the binary sequences with the NIST SP 800-22 software package and make the poker test. The passing rates of the statistical tests are high in NIST test and the sequences pass the poker test. So the randomness and statistic characteristics of the binary sequences are good. The analysis and experiments show that these full-period maps can be applied in the pseudo-random number generation (PRNG), cryptography, spread spectrum communications and so on.